Which term describes the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America?

The correct term that describes the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America is Mesoamerica. This term refers to a historical and cultural area known for its rich indigenous civilizations, including the Aztec and Maya. Mesoamerica is characterized by shared cultural traits, such as agriculture (particularly maize), religious practices, and social complexity. The area is significant as it was the site of advanced societies that made substantial contributions to art, science, and religion long before European contact.

The other terms refer to entirely different regions. Oceania encompasses the islands of the Pacific Ocean, North America includes the continent that consists of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, while Sundaland refers to a submerged landmass that joined islands in Southeast Asia during periods of lower sea levels. Thus, Mesoamerica is the correct identification for the region in question.