Which term describes communities that arise in new areas?

The term "Settlement" is used to describe communities that arise in new areas, as it refers to the process of establishing a community in an uninhabited or previously occupied space. This process often involves the arrival of people who build homes, create infrastructure, and develop a social and economic system in the new location. Settlements can vary in size and complexity, ranging from small villages to large towns and cities.

In contrast, colonization typically refers to the broader process whereby a country or group occupies a foreign land, often with the intent to exploit resources and exert control over the indigenous population. Urbanization focuses on the growth and development of cities as populations move from rural areas to urban settings, which emphasizes demographic changes rather than the act of creating new communities in uninhabited spaces. Encampment refers more to temporary living arrangements, often associated with nomadic lifestyles or refugee situations, rather than the establishment of permanent communities. Thus, "Settlement" accurately conveys the idea of forming new communities in previously uninhabited areas.