What is meant by "naturalization"?

Naturalization is specifically defined as the legal process through which a non-citizen acquires citizenship in a country. This process typically involves several steps, including fulfilling residency requirements, demonstrating knowledge of the country's language and government, and taking an oath of allegiance. It is an essential mechanism for individuals who wish to participate fully in the civic life of a nation, granting them the rights and responsibilities that citizenship entails.

In contrast to naturalization, renouncing one's citizenship involves a voluntary decision to give up citizenship, and automatic granting of citizenship at birth pertains to those who acquire citizenship by virtue of being born to citizen parents or being born within the country's territory. The process of becoming a resident alien involves obtaining a status that allows an individual to live and work in a country without being a citizen, which is distinctly different from the complete legal status that comes with citizenship.