What does a map scale illustrate?

A map scale is a crucial component of map reading that illustrates the relationship between the dimensions on the map and the actual distances in the real world. This means it allows users to understand how distances on the map correspond to distances on the ground. For instance, a scale might show that one inch on the map represents one mile in reality. This relationship is essential for accurately interpreting distances and understanding the geographical layout represented.

In contrast, while determining the distance between two places is a useful application of map scales, it is not precisely what a map scale illustrates. The elevation of terrain deals with topographical details rather than the size relationship between a map and the real world. The gradation of colors on a map usually pertains to various features or data representations but does not relate to the concept of scale. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the fundamental purpose of a map scale in conveying size relationships, enabling effective navigation and geographical understanding.