How does a civilization typically define its social classes?

A civilization typically defines its social classes based on birth or wealth. This means that individuals are often born into a certain social class or their position in society is determined by the economic resources they possess. Historical and contemporary examples demonstrate that social stratification often stems from hereditary systems, where lineage and family background dictate one's social standing, as well as merit-based elements where wealth accumulation influences class structure.

This classification is significant as it influences various aspects of life within a society, ranging from access to education and employment to the degree of political power individuals hold. Unlike the other options, which suggest methods of establishing a social order that are more egalitarian or random, the relationship of social classes to birth and wealth reflects longstanding practices in many societies, where hierarchy is evident and often rigidly maintained.